水槽屋---蒂梅阿布幼儿园设计

主持设计：王剑峰

设计团队：李飞 | 苏锐 | 张城兰 | 王婧（苏黎世高工）| 潘跃那

项目地点：蒂梅阿布村 | 加纳，非洲

设计时间：2019年

建筑面积：309 m²

用地面积：1,290 m²

Chief Architect / Wang Jianfeng

Design Team / Li Fei , Su Rui , Zhang Chenglan, Wang Jing（ETH) , Pang Yuena

Location / Africa Ghana

Time / 2019

Building Area / 309 m²

Land Area / 1,290 m²

非政府组织 Radefoundation 和 Madanfo 宣布举办 “蒂梅阿布幼儿园”建筑竞赛，比赛目的是创造一个让蒂梅阿布的孩子上课的地方。

该项目位于加纳农村，一个叫蒂梅阿布的小村庄。蒂梅阿布位于加纳中部的阿散蒂地区。阿散蒂地区的居民是阿散蒂民族，一个自十三世纪以来就生活在该地区的民族。2016年，这个地区的人口数量是250万，其中一半来自农村。蒂梅阿布是一个有1000多居民的农村村庄，但人口集中度很低，蒂梅阿布的大部分人口是农民，他们的收入非常低。蒂梅阿布有一所小学（在谷歌地图中为6°37'35.4“N 1°24'59.1”W），从幼儿园到中学都有课程，没有适合所有不同层次的教室。现在有100名来自底层的学生只能在树底下上课。

Radefoundation and Madanfo Project announces the architecture competition “Timeabu Kindergarten”. The competition aims to create a place where the youngest children of Timeabu can take classes. Timeabu is in the Ashanti Region, in the centre of Ghana. The inhabitants of the Ashanti Region are Ashanti, an ethnic group that lives in the territory since XIII century. In 2016 the population of the region was 2,5 millions, half of it rural.

Timeabu is a rural village with more than 1000 inhabitants but with a low concentration of the population, Most of the population of Timeabu works as farmers and they have a very low income. Timeabu has a primary school (in google maps 6°37'35.4"N 1°24'59.1"W), and it has classes from Kindergarten to secondary school. There are no classrooms for all the different levels. Nowadays there are 100 students from the lower levels that attend school under a tree.

诉求 | 模式 APPEALS | MODE

① 场地 LOCATION

考虑到施工场地的问题和施工的成本效益，我们选择使用场地西侧的区域来放置建筑，而不是覆盖整个场地，从而留下开放空间。一方面，这块空地是临时的建筑工地。另一方面，它与周围的树林形成了一个灵活的自然活动场所。同时，新建筑与原学校建筑形成了一个半围合庭院，用于不同年级的学生交流和聚会。

Considering the problem of construction site and the cost-effectiveness of construction, we chose to use the area on the west side of the site to place the building instead of covering the entire site, thereby leaving open space. On the one hand, this vacant lot is a temporary construction site. On the other hand, it forms a flexible natural activity site with the surrounding woods. At the same time, the new building forms a square courtyard for communication and gathering with the original school building.

② 聚落 SETTLEMENT

三个教学空间具备一定的独立性，三个独立的体量形成了地域性聚落。同时，这种模式为不同的设计团队提供了自由发挥的空间，从而为不同的团队共同建设学校提供了可能性，以此满足组委会的需求。

The three teaching Spaces have a certain independence and their three independent volumes form the local settlement.At the same time, this mode provides free play for different design teams and creates the possibility for different teams to build schools together to meet the needs of the organizing committee

③ 串联 INTEGRATION

在雨水收集方面，我们打破了传统坡屋顶的雨水收集方式，设计了更宽的排水槽来引导雨水。但最重要的是，这个排水槽实际上是另一个层面的线性屋顶，它将三个独立的教学空间串联起来，并将它们整合在一起。同时，线性的排水槽的倾斜度和尺度影响三个教育空间的高度，以满足不同年龄段学生的空间感知，从而创造更人性化的空间尺度。而它也在采光、通风和遮阳方面发挥着巨大的作用。

For rainwater collection, we got rid of the collection mode of the sloping roof and designed a wider drainage channel to guide the rainwater. But the most important thing is that it is actually another level of linear roof, which connects three independent teaching spaces in series and integrates them. At the same time, the inclination and scale of the drainage affect the height of the three educational spaces to meet the spatial perception of students of different ages. It will also play a great role in lighting, ventilation and shading.

④ 打开 OPEN

由于线性的排水槽，充当了另一个层面的屋顶作用，因此，我们可以将最外层的斜屋顶从屋脊处打开。开放的屋顶使建筑能够更有效地收集雨水，在为教学空间提供更好的采光和通风的同时，也可以减少热辐射，促进空气对流。并且为室内空间提供漫反射光。从总图的角度来观察，开放的屋顶削减了建筑的体量，并形成了与周边村庄尺度相似的小聚落。

The linear drainage channel, as another level of roof, offers us the possibility to open the pitched roof of three teaching spaces from the ridge. The open roof allows us to collect rainwater more effectively, and at the same time provides better lighting and ventilation for the room, reduces heat radiation, facilitates air convection, and provides diffuse reflected light for indoor spaces. From the overall perspective, the open roof reduces the volume of the building and forms small settlements with similar dimensions to the surrounding villages.

⑤ 共享 SHARING

洗手站和户外活动的开放空间不仅是为幼儿园服务的，也同样服务于原来的学校和整个村落。而室外场地上可以灵活设置趣味性的装置艺术以形成丰富多变的活动空间。比如，可以利用当地的彩色帆布等形成遮阳性的灰空间。

The handwashing station and the open space for outdoor activities are not only for the kindergarten, but also for the original schools and villagers. And cheap devices in the site can be very flexible and interesting.

转换 | 空间 TRANSFORMATION | SPACE

学校空间 | SCHOOL SPACE

村民活动中心（7-8月） | VILLAGERS ACTIVITY CENTER ( JULY TO AUGUST )

临时装置 | TEMPORARY INSTALLATION

设计提供了一个可以转换和演变的空间模式。当南北两侧的百叶门关闭时，幼儿园被划分为三个独立的教学空间;当南北两侧的百叶门打开时，整个幼儿园也可以变成一个大型的聚会场所。同时，穿过三个教室的排水槽将室外庭院与室内空间进行了统一联系。

当孩子们不上课时，学校空间可以直接转变为乡村活动中心。南北两侧预留的出入口将成为村民活动中心的出入口。沿着排水槽形成的中央通道，将三个教室空间划分为六个不同的村民活动空间。与此同时，其它入口也演变成了疏散通道。

户外场所可设置临时装置。它们应具备多样化和经济性的特征。我们可以用竹子、彩色帆布等当地材料来搭建一个遮阳、实用的户外活动空间。这个空间不仅为学生服务，也为村民服务。它们是室内空间的延续。

We prefer to provide a flexible spatial model. When the north-south divider louver door is closed, the kindergarten is divided into three independent teaching spaces; when the north-south divider louver door is opened, the entire kindergarten can also be transformed into a large gathering place. The drainage channels passing through the three classrooms blend outdoor courtyards with interior spaces.

When children are not in class, the school space can be directly transformed into a village activity center. The entrances and exits we reserved on the north and south sides will become the entrances and exits of the villagers' activity center. A central aisle is formed along the drainage channel, which divides three classroom spaces into six diverse activity spaces. At the same time, other entrances have evolved into evacuation routes.

Temporary installation art can be set up in outdoor venues. They are very varied and economical. We can use bamboo, colorful canvas and other materials to build a sunshade and practical outdoor activity space. This space serves not only students but also villagers. They are a continuation of the interior space.

排水的倾斜度和尺度影响三个教育空间的高度，以满足不同年龄段学生的空间感知。

The inclination and scale of the drainage affect the height of the three educational spaces to meet the spatial perception of students of different ages.

排水 | 收集 DRAINAGE | COLLECTION

采光 | 通风 LIGHTING | VENTILATION

构造 | 施工 CONSTRUCTION | PROGRAM

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